Shell calculates the CO2e emissions associated with Carbon Neutral lubricants across all stages of the product life cycle, an approach referred to as "cradle-to-grave". This includes raw material acquisition (e.g. base oil and additives), production, packaging, transportation, usage and end-of-life treatment. CO2, CH4, N2O emissions are jointly referred to as "CO2 equivalent" (CO2e) emissions. The calculations have been performed in accordance with international standards and the underlying model, as well as the associated processes have been subjected to review by an independent, 3rd party verification body. Compensation for 700,000 tonnes is a function of the calculated CO2 intensity for each product and how much lubricants business we are planning to achieve over the next 12 months.